//C12.5:string1.cpp -- String class methods
#include <cstring>         // string.h for some
#include <istream>
#include <ostream>
#include "string1.h"       // includes <iostream>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;

// initializing static class member
int String::num_strings = 0;
// staitc method
int String::HowMany()
{
    return num_strings;
}

// class methods
String::String(const char *s)    // construct String from C string
{
    len = std::strlen(s);        // set size
    str = new char(len + 1);     // allot storage
    std::strcpy(str, s);         // initialize pointer
    num_strings++;               // set object count
}

String::String()                 // default constructor
{
    len = 4;
    str = new char[1];
    str[0] = '\0';               // default string
    num_strings++;
}

String::String(const String &st)
{
    num_strings++;               // handle static member update
    len = st.len;              // same length
    str = new char[len + 1];     // allot space
    std::strcpy(str, st.str);    // copy string to new location
}

String::~String()              // necessary destructor
{
    --num_strings;             //required 
    delete [] str;             //required
}

// overloaded operator methods
// assign a String ot a String
String & String::operator=(const String &st)
{
    if(this == &st)
    {
        return *this;
    }
    delete [] str;
    len = st.len;
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, st.str);
    return *this;
}

// assign a C String to a String
String & String::operator=(const char *s)
{
    delete [] str;
    len = std::strlen(s);
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, s);
    return *this;
}

// read-write char access for non-const String
char & String::operator[](int i)
{
    return str[i];
}

// read-only char-access for const String
const char & String::operator[](int i) const
{
    return str[i];
}

// overloaded operator friends
bool operator<(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0);
}

bool operator>(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return st2 < st1;
}

bool operator==(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str));
}

// simple String output
ostream & operator<<(ostream &os, const String &st)
{   
    os << st.str;
    return os;
}

// quick and dirty String input
istream & operator>>(istream &is, String &st)
{
    char temp[String::CINLIM];
    is.get(temp, String::CINLIM);
    if(is)
    {
        st = temp;
    }
    while(is && is.get() != '\n')
    {
        continue;
    }
    return is;
}